pathlib vs os.path — Hardcoded Backslashes Broke CI

from pathlib import Path

# io.thecodeforge branding: clean, readable path building
# The / operator is overloaded to handle os.path.join logic automatically
base = Path('/tmp/thecodeforge_app')
config = base / 'config' / 'settings.json'
log = base / 'logs' / 'runtime.log'

print(f"Full Config Path: {config}")
print(f"File Name: {config.name}")      # settings.json
print(f"File Extension: {config.suffix}") # .json
print(f"Parent Directory: {config.parent}") # /tmp/thecodeforge_app/config

# Production Pattern: Atomic directory creation
# parents=True creates the full tree; exist_ok=True prevents 'FileExistsError'
(base / 'data').mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)

# Modern I/O: No more 'with open(...) as f' for simple tasks
output_file = base / 'data' / 'build_report.txt'
output_file.write_text('Build Status: SUCCESS', encoding='utf-8')

if output_file.exists():
    print(f"Content: {output_file.read_text()}")
    print(f"Is real file? {output_file.is_file()}")

from pathlib import Path
import tempfile

# Senior Dev Tip: Use rglob for deep recursive searches
with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
    root = Path(tmpdir)
    
    # Setup dummy structure
    (root / "src").mkdir()
    (root / "src" / "main.py").touch()
    (root / "tests").mkdir()
    (root / "tests" / "test_api.py").touch()
    (root / "README.md").touch()

    print("--- Immediate Children (iterdir) ---")
    for item in root.iterdir():
        print(f"[{'DIR' if item.is_dir() else 'FILE'}] {item.name}")

    print("\n--- Recursive Python Files (rglob) ---")
    # rglob is essentially root.glob('**/*.py')
    for py_file in root.rglob('*.py'):
        print(f"Found source: {py_file.relative_to(root)}")

import os
from pathlib import Path

# 1. Environment Variables: Still an 'os' domain
api_key = os.environ.get('THE_CODE_FORGE_API_KEY', 'default_dev_key')
print(f"Environment Key: {api_key}")

# 2. File Stats and Permissions
# Use pathlib to get the path, then os for low-level chmod
script_path = Path('/tmp/secure_script.sh')
script_path.write_text('#!/bin/bash\necho "Running..."')

# Change permissions to 755 (rwxr-xr-x)
os.chmod(script_path, 0o755)

# 3. Getting the Current Process ID (PID)
print(f"Current Process ID: {os.getpid()}")

# 4. os.walk: For when you need total control over dirnames/filenames arrays
# Useful for pruning specific subtrees mid-traversal
for root, dirs, files in os.walk('/tmp'):
    dirs[:] = [d for d in dirs if not d.startswith('.')]
    # Process only top level for this demo
    print(f"Root Walk: {root}")
    break

from pathlib import Path

# Production pattern: safe directory creation with idempotency
base = Path('/app/data')
try:
    base.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
except PermissionError as e:
    # Log: cannot create directory due to permissions
    raise  # Or handle gracefully

# Safe file move with atomic rename on same filesystem
source = base / 'temp.txt'
destination = base / 'final.txt'
if source.exists():
    source.rename(destination)  # Atomic if on same filesystem
else:
    # Log: source missing
    pass

# Reading a file that might not exist
try:
    content = (base / 'config.json').read_text(encoding='utf-8')
except FileNotFoundError:
    content = '{}'
    # Log: config not found, using defaults

import time
from pathlib import Path
import os

# Microbenchmark: pathlib vs os.path
base = '/tmp/test_perf'

start = time.perf_counter()
for _ in range(10000):
    p = Path(base) / 'sub' / 'file.txt'
    p.exists()
pathtime = time.perf_counter() - start

start = time.perf_counter()
for _ in range(10000):
    p = os.path.join(base, 'sub', 'file.txt')
    os.path.exists(p)
ostime = time.perf_counter() - start

print(f"pathlib: {pathtime:.4f}s")
print(f"os.path: {ostime:.4f}s")