Modern File System Operations in Python: os vs. pathlib

from pathlib import Path

# io.thecodeforge branding: clean, readable path building
# The / operator is overloaded to handle os.path.join logic automatically
base = Path('/tmp/thecodeforge_app')
config = base / 'config' / 'settings.json'
log = base / 'logs' / 'runtime.log'

print(f"Full Config Path: {config}")
print(f"File Name: {config.name}")      # settings.json
print(f"File Extension: {config.suffix}") # .json
print(f"Parent Directory: {config.parent}") # /tmp/thecodeforge_app/config

# Production Pattern: Atomic directory creation
# parents=True creates the full tree; exist_ok=True prevents 'FileExistsError'
(base / 'data').mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)

# Modern I/O: No more 'with open(...) as f' for simple tasks
output_file = base / 'data' / 'build_report.txt'
output_file.write_text('Build Status: SUCCESS', encoding='utf-8')

if output_file.exists():
    print(f"Content: {output_file.read_text()}")
    print(f"Is real file? {output_file.is_file()}")

from pathlib import Path
import tempfile

# Senior Dev Tip: Use rglob for deep recursive searches
with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
    root = Path(tmpdir)
    
    # Setup dummy structure
    (root / "src").mkdir()
    (root / "src" / "main.py").touch()
    (root / "tests").mkdir()
    (root / "tests" / "test_api.py").touch()
    (root / "README.md").touch()

    print("--- Immediate Children (iterdir) ---")
    for item in root.iterdir():
        print(f"[{'DIR' if item.is_dir() else 'FILE'}] {item.name}")

    print("\n--- Recursive Python Files (rglob) ---")
    # rglob is essentially root.glob('**/*.py')
    for py_file in root.rglob('*.py'):
        print(f"Found source: {py_file.relative_to(root)}")

import os
from pathlib import Path

# 1. Environment Variables: Still an 'os' domain
api_key = os.environ.get('THE_CODE_FORGE_API_KEY', 'default_dev_key')
print(f"Environment Key: {api_key}")

# 2. File Stats and Permissions
# Use pathlib to get the path, then os for low-level chmod
script_path = Path('/tmp/secure_script.sh')
script_path.write_text('#!/bin/bash\necho "Running..."')

# Change permissions to 755 (rwxr-xr-x)
os.chmod(script_path, 0o755)

# 3. Getting the Current Process ID (PID)
print(f"Current Process ID: {os.getpid()}")

# 4. os.walk: For when you need total control over dirnames/filenames arrays
# Useful for pruning specific subtrees mid-traversal
for root, dirs, files in os.walk('/tmp'):
    dirs[:] = [d for d in dirs if not d.startswith('.')]
    # Process only top level for this demo
    print(f"Root Walk: {root}")
    break